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Despite the significant advancements in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown limitations in performing complex tasks that require arithmetic, commonsense, and symbolic reasoning. Reasoning frameworks like ReAct, Chain-of-thought (CoT), Tree-of-thoughts (ToT), etc. have shown success but with limitations in solving long-form complex tasks. To address this, we propose a knowledge-sharing and collaborative multi-agent assisted framework on LLMs that leverages the capabilities of existing reasoning frameworks and the collaborative skills of multi-agent systems (MASs). The objectives of the proposed framework are to overcome the limitations of LLMs, enhance their reasoning capabilities, and improve their performance in complex tasks. It involves generating natural language rationales and in-context few-shot learning via prompting, and integrates the reasoning techniques with efficient knowledge-sharing and communication driven agent networks. The potential benefits of the proposed framework include saving time and money, improved efficiency for computationally intensive reasoning, and the ability to incorporate multiple collaboration strategies for dynamically changing environments. 

This paper proposes a data-driven framework for quantifying disaster vulnerability using social media analytics, repurposing a previously collected Twitter dataset originally intended for evacuation behavior analysis. After refining the dataset to isolate signals of distress and need, a category based classification strategy is introduced in which thematic dictionaries guide the grouping of Tweets based on the semantic similarity of their embeddings. Focusing on Hurricane Dorian, a compound disaster during the COVID-19 pandemic characterized by high distress and negative sentiment, a weighted amplification factor is incorporated that prioritizes Tweet categories based on the immediacy of impact on human life, while normalizing by Tweet volume and population density. The resulting Media Impact Index (MII) is calculated at the Census Block Group (CBG) level for the United States. To demonstrate the cross-cultural flexibility of the pipeline, the same methodology is applied to Typhoon Hagibis in Japan, with a comparable vulnerability index generated at the district level. The findings suggest that the proposed framework can provide emergency management agencies with a scalable and adaptable tool for identifying and prioritizing vulnerable regions in diverse types of disasters and sociocultural contexts. 

Timely and precise forecasting of ground-level ozone (O3) remains a critical challenge in atmospheric science due to the compound influences of spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability. This paper introduces STCN-Ozone, a novel graph-based spatiotemporal framework specifically designed to model ozone dynamics by jointly learning spatial interactions and temporal evolution from real-world pollutant data. The model constructs geospatial graphs based on monitoring station proximity and applies spatial encoding through a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN). These spatial representations are temporally unfolded and modeled using a dilated Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) to capture long-range temporal dependencies with high resolution. STCN-Ozone is trained on five years of ozone concentration data (1999–2003) across 451 unique locations, using 30-day sequences to predict the subsequent day’s ozone level. We use the model to estimate 95% confidence intervals to support uncertainty-aware forecasting. STCN-Ozone has been shown to be a scalable and domain-adaptive solution for operational atmospheric prediction systems. 

Abstract Homophily, the tendency for individuals to preferentially interact with others similar to themselves is typically documented via self-report and, for children, adult report. Few studies have investigated homophily directly using objective measures of social movement. We quantified homophily in children with developmental disabilities (DD) and typical development (TD) using objective measures of position/orientation in preschool inclusion classrooms, designed to promote interaction between these groups of children. Objective measurements were collected using ultra-wideband radio-frequency tracking to determine social approach and social contact, measures of social movement and interaction. Observations of 77 preschoolers (47 with DD, and 30 TD) were conducted in eight inclusion classrooms on a total of 26 days. We compared DD and TD groups with respect to how children approached and shared time in social contact with peers using mixed-effects models. Children in concordant dyads (DD-DD and TD-TD) both moved toward each other at higher velocities and spent greater time in social contact than discordant dyads (DD-TD), evidencing homophily. DD-DD dyads spent less time in social contact than TD-TD dyads but were comparable to TD-TD dyads in their social approach velocities. Children’s preference for similar peers appears to be a pervasive feature of their naturalistic interactions. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more than 440 million confirmed cases globally and almost 6 million reported deaths as of March 2022. Consequently, the world experienced grave repercussions to citizens’ lives, health, wellness, and the economy. In responding to such a disastrous global event, countermeasures are often implemented to slow down and limit the virus’s rapid spread. Meanwhile, disaster recovery, mitigation, and preparation measures have been taken to manage the impacts and losses of the ongoing and future pandemics. Data-driven techniques have been successfully applied to many domains and critical applications in recent years. Due to the highly interdisciplinary nature of pandemic management, researchers have proposed and developed data-driven techniques across various domains. However, a systematic and comprehensive survey of data-driven techniques for pandemic management is still missing. In this article, we review existing data analysis and visualization techniques and their applications for COVID-19 and future pandemic management with respect to four phases (namely, Response, Recovery, Mitigation, and Preparation) in disaster management. Data sources utilized in these studies and specific data acquisition and integration techniques for COVID-19 are also summarized. Furthermore, open issues and future directions for data-driven pandemic management are discussed. 

From the start, the airline industry has remarkably connected countries all over the world through rapid long-distance transportation, helping people overcome geographic barriers. Consequently, this has ushered in substantial economic growth, both nationally and internationally. The airline industry produces vast amounts of data, capturing a diverse set of information about their operations, including data related to passengers, freight, flights, and much more. Analyzing air travel data can advance the understanding of airline market dynamics, allowing companies to provide customized, efficient, and safe transportation services. Due to big data challenges in such a complex environment, the benefits of drawing insights from the air travel data in the airline industry have not yet been fully explored. This article aims to survey various components and corresponding proposed data analysis methodologies that have been identified as essential to the inner workings of the airline industry. We introduce existing data sources commonly used in the papers surveyed and summarize their availability. Finally, we discuss several potential research directions to better harness airline data in the future. We anticipate this study to be used as a comprehensive reference for both members of the airline industry and academic scholars with an interest in airline research.